Biotechnology through ages

1590 - Janssen invents the microscope.
1663 - Hooke discovers existence of the cell.
1675 - Leeuwenhoek discovers bacteria.
1797 - Jenner inoculates a child with a viral vaccine to protect him from smallpox.
1830 - Proteins discovered.
1857 - Pasteur proposes microbes cause fermentation.
1865 - Science of genetics begin: Austrian monk Gregor Mendel studies garden peas and discovers that genetic
            traits are passed from parents to offspring in a predictable way - the laws of heredity.
1878 - The first centrifuge is developed by Laval.
1879 - Flemign discovers chromatin, the rod-like structures inside the cell nucleus that later came to be called
            chromosomes.
1928 - Penicillin discovered as an antibiotic Alexander Fleming.
1941 - The term "genetic engineering" is first used by Danish microbiologist A. Jost in a lecture on reproduction
            in yeast at the technical institute in Lwow, poland.
1947 - McClintock discovers transposable elements or "jumping genes", in corn.
1956 - Kornberg discovers the enzymes DNA polymerase, 1 leading to an understanding of how DNA is
           replicated.
1973 - Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer perfect genetic engineering techniques to cut and paste DNA (using
            restrictions enzymes and ligases) and reproduce the new DNA in bacteria.
1976 - Yeast genes are expressed in E.coli bacteria.
1977 - First expression of human gene in bacteria.
1978 - Recombinant human insulin first produced.
1981 - Chinese scientist becomes the first to clone a fish-a golden carp.
1982 - First genetic transformation of a plant cell: petunia.
1984 - The DNA fingerprinting technique is developed.
1986 - First genetically engineered vaccine for humans: hepatitis B.
1989 - First approval for field test of modified cotton: insect-protected (Bt) cotton.
1990 - First insect-protected corn: Bt corn.
            Human Genome Project.
1997 - First animal cloned from an adult cell: a sheep named Dolly in Scotland.
1998 - The first complete animal genome, for the C.elegans worm, is sequenced.
2000 - First complete map of a plant