What is Biotechnology...?

Well.....In simple language ...Biotechnology, is the manipulation of biological organisms to make products thats benefit human beings. Biotechnology contributes to such diverse areas as food production, waste disposal, mining & medicine.
                            In modern achievements include the transferral of a specific gene from one organism to another ( a set of genetic engineering techniques known as transgenics ); the maintenance and growth of genetically plant and animal cell cultures, called clones; and the fusing of different type of cells to produce beneficial medical products such as monoclonal antibodies, which are designed to attack a specific type of foreign substance.
The modern era or we can called the beginning of biotechnology in 1953 when American biochemist James Watson and British biophysicist Francis Crick presented their double-helix model of DNA. In 1960s Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber's discovery a special enzymes, called Restriction enzymes, in bacteria.These enzymes cut DNA strands of any organism at precise points.In 1973 American geneticist Stanley Cohen and American biochemist Herbert Boyer removed a specific gene from one bacterium and inserted it into another using restriction enzymes.This is the beginning of recombinant DNA technology, commonly called Genetic engineering.In 1977 genes from other organisms were transferred to bacteria.This is the first transfer of human gene, which coded for a hormone, to Escherichia coli bacteria.
There are several areas in which these technologies are being used such as chemical industry, food industry, agricultural productivity, pharmaceutical industry, environmental protection and abatement of pollution etc.