Haplodiplodisation

Many species are able to produce haploids through different in vitro techniques. The oldest was anther culture of androgenesis. To date, the results vary considerably from one species to another. Solanae (datura, tobacco, red pepper, eggplant, petunia), cereals (wheat, barley, rice, triticale, maize) or crucifers (soybean, cabbage) are species easy to generate by anther culture. To the contrary, tomatoes, leguminous or compositae are recalcitrant. Ovule culture, or gynogenesis was a successful technique for Gerbera, beet, courgette. However, the most common teechnique is pollination with irradiated pollen, in order to induce in vivo parthenogenesis. The oospheres developed in embryos without fertilization are saved by embryo rescue.