Cloning technology allows us to generate a population of genetically identical molecules, cells, plants or animals.The word "clone" refers to a gene or DNA fragment and also to the collection of cells or organism such as bacteria, containing the cloned piece of DNA.
The cloned sheep Dolly in 1997 brought animal cloning technology into the spotlight, biologists first cloned animals in 1952 by transferring genetic material from the nucleus of frog embryonic cells to frog eggs, which then developed into genetically identical tadpoles.
Molecular cloning, provides the foundation of the molecular biology revolution and is a fundamental and essential tool of biotechnology research, development and commercialization. Ex. Recombinant DNA technology.
Cellular cloning, is also a fundamental and essential tool of biotechnology research, development and commercialization. All applications of monoclonal antibody technology; the regeneration of transgenic plants from
single cells; pharmaceuticals manufacturing based on mammalian cell culture; and generation of therapeutic cells and tissues depend on cellular cloning.
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